{"id":6570,"date":"2026-04-30T08:29:40","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T06:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6570"},"modified":"2026-04-30T12:44:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T10:44:21","slug":"elektricka-energie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6570","title":{"rendered":"Elektrick\u00e1 energie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Elekt\u0159ina se b\u011b\u017en\u011b popisuje jako \u201etok elektron\u016f\u201c. To ale moc nevysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se v\u016fbec n\u011bco pohybuje a co se p\u0159i tom skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011bje. Kdy\u017e rozsv\u00edt\u00ed\u0161 \u017e\u00e1rovku, nejde jen o pohyb \u010d\u00e1stic. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje energie \u2014 na sv\u011btlo a teplo. Pohyb \u010d\u00e1stic je jen \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Elektrick\u00e1 energie<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1 p\u016fvod v element\u00e1rn\u00edch (z\u00e1kladn\u00edch) \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edch uvnit\u0159 atomu &#8211; protonech a elektronech. <\/p>\n<h2>Elektrick\u00fd obvod<\/h2>\n<p>Spojuje m\u00edsta s odli\u0161n\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje. Vlivem snahy p\u0159\u00edrody o rovnov\u00e1hu pak doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke snaze o vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma m\u00edsty.<\/p>\n<h2>Elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj<\/h2>\n<p>Je to vlastnost, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, jak \u010d\u00e1stice reaguje na elektromagnetick\u00e9 pole. Elektron a proton maj\u00ed stejnou velikost n\u00e1boje, ale opa\u010dn\u00fd typ \u2014 proto se p\u0159itahuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>\u0158\u00edk\u00e1, jak velk\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi 2 m\u00edsty, tedy jak siln\u011b je n\u00e1boj \u201epoh\u00e1n\u011bn\u201c ke zm\u011bn\u011b sv\u00e9 polohy, a tedy k p\u0159enosu energie.<\/p>\n<p><em>(\u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed snaha to co nejrychleji vyrovnat.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nap\u011bt\u00ed ozna\u010dujeme <strong>U<\/strong>, jednotkou je <strong>1 V<\/strong>olt. <\/p>\n<h2>Elektrick\u00fd proud<\/h2>\n<p>Proud je pohyb n\u00e1boj\u016f, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se v soustav\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje elektrick\u00e1 energie.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u011bt\u00ed ozna\u010dujeme <strong>I<\/strong>, jednotkou je <strong>1 A<\/strong>mp\u00e9r.<\/p>\n<h2>Elekt\u0159ina<\/h2>\n<p>Je projev zm\u011bn energie v soustav\u00e1ch elektrick\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f p\u0159i jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 interakci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elekt\u0159ina se b\u011b\u017en\u011b popisuje jako \u201etok elektron\u016f\u201c. To ale moc nevysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se v\u016fbec n\u011bco pohybuje a co se p\u0159i tom skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011bje. Kdy\u017e rozsv\u00edt\u00ed\u0161 &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,46,44],"tags":[3],"class_list":["post-6570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-8-rocnik-2","category-energie","category-prace-a-energie","tag-elektrina"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6570"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6577,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6570\/revisions\/6577"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}