{"id":6417,"date":"1907-01-23T10:49:29","date_gmt":"1907-01-23T09:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6417"},"modified":"2026-01-22T11:47:07","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T10:47:07","slug":"hideki-yukawa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6417","title":{"rendered":"Hideki Yukawa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hideki Yukawa (\u6e6f\u5ddd \u79c0\u6a39 \/ 23.1. 1907 – 8.9.1981) byl japonsk\u00fd teoretick\u00fd fyzik a jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f modern\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e9 fyziky 20. stolet\u00ed. Proslavil se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm teori\u00ed sil p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch mezi protony a neutrony v atomov\u00e9m j\u00e1d\u0159e.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a akademick\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha<\/h2>\n

Po dokon\u010den\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly vstoupil Yukawa na C\u00edsa\u0159skou univerzitu v Kiotu (Kyoto Imperial University), kde studoval fyziku a v roce 1929 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b absolvoval. N\u00e1sledn\u011b zde p\u016fsobil jako asistent, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed a u\u010ditel teoretick\u00e9 fyziky. V letech 1933\u20131939 pracoval tak\u00e9 na Osaka Imperial University, kde z\u00edskal doktor\u00e1t v\u011bd (D.Sc.) v roce 1938.<\/p>\n

V roce 1935 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl existenci nov\u00e9 element\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice, dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako mezon<\/em> (konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pion), kter\u00e1 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 silnou jadernou interakci. Tato pr\u00e1ce z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla k rozvoji kvantov\u00e9 teorie<\/a> pole a k pochopen\u00ed struktury atomov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra.<\/p>\n

Za tento objev obdr\u017eel v roce 1949 Nobelovu cenu za fyziku<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stal prvn\u00edm japonsk\u00fdm nositelem Nobelovy ceny<\/strong>. P\u016fsobil zejm\u00e9na na Kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnil celou generaci japonsk\u00fdch fyzik\u016f.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b Nobelovy ceny z\u00edskal \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch ocen\u011bn\u00ed a \u010destn\u00fdch titul\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed ceny Japonsk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd, vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed za kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1sluhy a \u010destn\u00e9ho ob\u010danstv\u00ed Kyoto. Byl \u010dlenem Japonsk\u00e9 akademie, Americk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd i American Academy of Arts and Sciences.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdeck\u00e1 a pedagogick\u00e1 \u010dinnost<\/h2>\n

Po n\u00e1vratu z USA (kde v letech 1948\u20131949 p\u016fsobil jako hostuj\u00edc\u00ed profesor na Institute for Advanced Study v Princetonu a na Columbia University) se Yukawa zam\u011b\u0159il nejen na v\u00fduku, ale i na v\u00fdzkum obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch teori\u00ed element\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic s konceptem tzv. \u201enon-local field\u201c.<\/p>\n

Zalo\u017eil a vedl Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics p\u0159i Kyoto University od roku 1953 a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 programy tohoto institutu v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnily pov\u00e1le\u010dnou japonskou fyziku.<\/p>\n

Osobn\u00ed \u017eivot a n\u00e1zory<\/h2>\n

V roce 1932 se o\u017eenil se Sumi Yukawovou, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed vzal p\u0159i s\u0148atku; m\u011bli dva syny. Yukawa byl nejen v\u011bdcem, ale i hluboce \u010dtouc\u00edm intelektu\u00e1lem; jeho l\u00e1ska k literatu\u0159e a filozofii se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch autobiografick\u00fdch \u00favah\u00e1ch a eseji\u00edch, kter\u00e9 byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho osobn\u00edch knihoven a jsou dnes vystaveny v tzv. Yukawa Hall Archival Library.<\/p>\n

Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se ve\u0159ejn\u011b anga\u017eoval v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch m\u00edru a jadern\u00e9ho odzbrojen\u00ed, mj. podpisem Russell-Einstein manifestu v roce 1955 a \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed na p\u0159elomov\u00e9 prvn\u00ed Pugwash konferenci v roce 1957.<\/p>\n

V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch letech se Yukawa aktivn\u011b vyjad\u0159oval k etick\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m v\u011bdy a zasazoval se o m\u00edrov\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 energie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hideki Yukawa (\u6e6f\u5ddd \u79c0\u6a39 \/ 23.1. 1907 – 8.9.1981) byl japonsk\u00fd teoretick\u00fd fyzik a jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f modern\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e9 fyziky 20. stolet\u00ed. Proslavil se …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6417"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6426,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6417\/revisions\/6426"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}