Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00edm a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed energii. Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny jsou vlny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 a magnetick\u00e9 slo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 se kol\u00edsaj\u00ed kolmo na sebe a kolmo na sm\u011br \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlny. Tyto vlny mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky a frekvence, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 vlastnosti a pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla a mohou b\u00fdt vys\u00edl\u00e1ny z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vys\u00edla\u010de, televizn\u00ed vys\u00edla\u010de, mobiln\u00ed telefony a mikrovlnn\u00e9 trouby. Tyto vlny se mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it jak v prostoru, tak i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou kovy a sklo.<\/p>\n
Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 frekvence, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje jejich vlastnosti. Vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed vlny maj\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed vlnovou d\u00e9lku a mohou m\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed energii. N\u00edzkofrekven\u010dn\u00ed vlny maj\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed vlnovou d\u00e9lku a jsou m\u00e9n\u011b energetick\u00e9. Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny s vlnov\u00fdmi d\u00e9lkami v rozmez\u00ed viditeln\u00e9ho sv\u011btla se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n
Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnoha aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad komunikace, l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a zobrazovac\u00ed technologie. R\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro p\u0159enos sign\u00e1l\u016f v bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch, zat\u00edmco rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed n\u00e1dor\u016f a k zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny jsou tak\u00e9 z\u00e1kladem pro televizn\u00ed vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, satelitn\u00ed komunikaci a GPS navigaci.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny maj\u00ed mnoho u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny mohou zp\u016fsobovat oh\u0159ev tk\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt negativn\u00ed dopad na zdrav\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Sv\u011btlo je elektromagnetick\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed s vlnovou d\u00e9lkou v rozmez\u00ed 380 a\u017e 780 nanometr\u016f, kter\u00e9 je viditeln\u00e9 pro lidsk\u00e9 oko. Sv\u011btlo se m\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159it jak v prostoru, tak i prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad sklo a voda. Sv\u011btlo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vys\u00edl\u00e1no ze slunce, um\u011bl\u00fdch sv\u011bteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a z r\u016fzn\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Sv\u011btlo m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 vlastnosti, jako jsou vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka, frekvence, rychlost a polarizace. Vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka a frekvence jsou \u00fazce spjaty a ur\u010duj\u00ed barvu sv\u011btla. Sv\u011btlo s krat\u0161\u00ed vlnovou d\u00e9lkou m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvenci a vypad\u00e1 mod\u0159e, zat\u00edmco sv\u011btlo s del\u0161\u00ed vlnovou d\u00e9lkou m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed frekvenci a vypad\u00e1 \u010derven\u011b. Rychlost sv\u011btla je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou rychlost\u00ed, kterou se lze pohybovat v prostoru, a \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 299 792 458 m\/s. Polarizace sv\u011btla popisuje orientaci elektrick\u00e9ho pole sv\u011btla vzhledem k sm\u011bru jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Sv\u011btlo se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad optika, fotometrie, fotografie a l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. Optika se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 studiem chov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla v r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch a aplikac\u00edch, jako jsou br\u00fdle, mikroskopy a teleskopy. Fotometrie se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm sv\u011btla a jeho vyu\u017eit\u00edm v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech a osv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed. Fotografie vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u011btla k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obraz\u016f, zat\u00edmco l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u011btla k l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed a diagnostice r\u016fzn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00edm a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed energii. Elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny jsou vlny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 a magnetick\u00e9 slo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 se …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektromagnetismus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6318"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6322,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6318\/revisions\/6322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}