{"id":6276,"date":"1889-11-20T08:22:24","date_gmt":"1889-11-20T07:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6276"},"modified":"2025-11-20T08:54:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T07:54:02","slug":"edwin-hubble","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6276","title":{"rendered":"Edwin Hubble"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edwin Hubble (20.11. 1889 \u2013 28.9. 1953) byl americk\u00fd astronom, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnil na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Narodil se v Marshfieldu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Missouri a v ml\u00e1d\u00ed byl velmi v\u0161estrann\u00fd \u2013 krom\u011b z\u00e1jmu o v\u011bdu vynikal i ve sportu. Dokonce z\u00edskal sportovn\u00ed stipendium a jako mlad\u00fd mu\u017e byl zn\u00e1m\u00fd sp\u00ed\u0161 jako atlet ne\u017e jako budouc\u00ed v\u011bdec.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli p\u016fvodn\u011b studoval pr\u00e1va (aby splnil p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 matky), nakonec se k astronomii vr\u00e1til a vystudoval ji na Chicagsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce nastoupil na observato\u0159 Mount Wilson, kde m\u011bl k dispozici tehdy nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dalekohled na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 100palcov\u00fd Hooker\u016fv teleskop.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde u\u010dinil sv\u00e9 p\u0159elomov\u00e9 objevy. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm tzv. cefeid v mlhovin\u011b Andromeda zjistil, \u017ee se nejedn\u00e1 o objekt v r\u00e1mci na\u0161\u00ed Galaxie, ale o samostatnou, velmi vzd\u00e1lenou galaxii. Tento objev zcela zm\u011bnil pohled na velikost vesm\u00edru. Dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm byl vztah mezi vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed galaxi\u00ed a jejich rychlost\u00ed vzdalov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Hubble\u016fv z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd potvrdil, \u017ee se vesm\u00edr rozp\u00edn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Edwin Hubble z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnil ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed galaxi\u00ed. Sv\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm vzd\u00e1lenosti k Andromed\u011b prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee spir\u00e1ln\u00ed mlhoviny jsou samostatn\u00e9 ostrovy hv\u011bzd, a t\u00edm dal pojmu \u201agalaxie\u2018 v\u00fdznam, jak\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dodnes.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee Hubble byl zn\u00e1m sv\u00fdm typicky klidn\u00fdm projevem a jistou eleganc\u00ed \u2013 do observato\u0159e pr\u00fd \u010dasto doch\u00e1zel v obleku a s mot\u00fdlkem, co\u017e mezi astronomy nebylo zrovna b\u011b\u017en\u00e9. Jeho pr\u00e1ce polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady modern\u00ed kosmologie a dnes po n\u011bm nese jm\u00e9no i slavn\u00fd Hubble\u016fv vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled.<\/p>\n

P\u0159es svou v\u00fdznamnost nikdy nedostal Nobelovu cenu \u2013 v jeho dob\u011b nebylo astronomie pova\u017eov\u00e1no za obor zp\u016fsobil\u00fd pro Nobelovku.<\/p>\n

Po jeho smrti se prvn\u00ed velk\u00fd dalekohled ve vesm\u00edru, Hubbl\u016fv kosmick\u00fd teleskop, pojmenoval pr\u00e1v\u011b na jeho po\u010dest \u2013 co\u017e je kr\u00e1sn\u00fd symbol jeho odkazu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edwin Hubble (20.11. 1889 \u2013 28.9. 1953) byl americk\u00fd astronom, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnil na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Narodil se v Marshfieldu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Missouri a v …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6276"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6280,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6276\/revisions\/6280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}