{"id":6264,"date":"1878-11-07T08:21:25","date_gmt":"1878-11-07T07:23:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6264"},"modified":"2025-11-06T12:38:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T11:38:56","slug":"lise-meitner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6264","title":{"rendered":"Lise Meitner"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Lise Meitner (7.11. 1878 \u2013 27.10. 1968) byla rakousko-\u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 fyzi\u010dka, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla k objevu jadern\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed \u2013 procesu, na n\u011bm\u017e stoj\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny i hv\u011bzdn\u00e1 fyzika. Pat\u0159ila k prvn\u00edm \u017een\u00e1m v Evrop\u011b, kter\u00e9 z\u00edskaly doktor\u00e1t z fyziky, a navzdory p\u0159edsudk\u016fm i dramatick\u00fdm d\u011bjin\u00e1m 20. stolet\u00ed se stala uzn\u00e1vanou v\u011bdkyn\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e za\u010dala pracovat v Berl\u00edn\u011b, univerzita ji ofici\u00e1ln\u011b neuzn\u00e1vala \u2013 nesm\u011bla vstupovat do laborato\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edm vchodem a n\u011bkolik let pracovala zcela bez platu. P\u0159esto z\u016fstala a budovala si reputaci v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 fyzi\u010dky. Nikdy nepou\u017e\u00edvala kalkula\u010dku ani logaritmick\u00e9 tabulky. V\u017edy si vysta\u010dila s tu\u017ekou a pap\u00edrem.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1878\/11\/lise-meitner.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-6266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1878\/11\/lise-meitner.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1878\/11\/lise-meitner-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1878\/11\/lise-meitner-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1878\/11\/lise-meitner-768x1152.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta pracovala v Berl\u00edn\u011b po boku chemika Otto Hahna. Spole\u010dn\u011b objevili prvek protaktinium a zkoumali tajemstv\u00ed atomov\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra. V roce 1938 v\u0161ak musela jako \u017didovka uprchnout p\u0159ed nacisty. I z exilu v\u0161ak pokra\u010dovala v pr\u00e1ci \u2013 pr\u00e1v\u011b ona spr\u00e1vn\u011b vysv\u011btlila, \u017ee jejich experimenty vedou k jadern\u00e9mu \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed uranu. Hahn z\u00edskal za objev Nobelovu cenu, jej\u00ed z\u00e1sluhy v\u0161ak byly p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeny, co\u017e se dodnes pova\u017euje za jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch omyl\u016f Nobelova v\u00fdboru.<\/p>\n<p>Albert Einstein si j\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u011b v\u00e1\u017eil. Kdy\u017e musela ut\u00e9ct z nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka, pom\u00e1hal j\u00ed dostat v\u00edzum a podporoval jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ci i v exilu.<\/p>\n<p>Meitner byla cel\u00fd \u017eivot z\u00e1sadov\u00e1: odm\u00edtla pod\u00edlet se na v\u00fdvoji atomov\u00e9 bomby a v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee v\u011bda m\u00e1 slou\u017eit lidstvu, ne jeho zni\u010den\u00ed. Po v\u00e1lce se stala inspirac\u00ed mlad\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016fm a v\u011bdkyn\u00edm \u2013 nejen sv\u00fdmi objevy, ale i odvahou a vytrvalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no nese od roku 1997 prvek meitnerium (Mt, 109) v periodick\u00e9 tabulce. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 velikost nen\u00ed jen v cen\u00e1ch a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale v odvaze hledat pravdu, i kdy\u017e to znamen\u00e1 j\u00edt proti proudu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lise Meitner (7.11. 1878 \u2013 27.10. 1968) byla rakousko-\u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 fyzi\u010dka, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla k objevu jadern\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed \u2013 procesu, na n\u011bm\u017e stoj\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6264","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6264"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6271,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6264\/revisions\/6271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}