{"id":6082,"date":"1792-05-21T09:46:30","date_gmt":"1792-05-21T08:48:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6082"},"modified":"2025-09-18T12:42:27","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T10:42:27","slug":"gaspard-gustave-de-coriolis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=6082","title":{"rendered":"Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (21.5. 1792 – 19.9. 1843) byl francouzsk\u00fd matematik, fyzik a in\u017een\u00fdr, kter\u00fd se nesmazateln\u011b zapsal do d\u011bjin v\u011bdy sv\u00fdm popisem jevu dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako Coriolisova s\u00edla. A\u010dkoli p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u016fsobil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako teoretik mechaniky v in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, jeho pr\u00e1ce v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnila fyziku rotuj\u00edc\u00edch soustav a na\u0161la uplatn\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v meteorologii, oce\u00e1nografii i balistice. Byl nejen mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b bystr\u00fdm v\u011bdcem, ale tak\u00e9 oddan\u00fdm pedagogem na \u00c9cole Polytechnique, kde inspiroval novou generaci francouzsk\u00fdch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rod\u00e1k z Reme\u0161e<\/h2>\n

Poch\u00e1zel z v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 rodiny, ale s\u00e1m byl od d\u011btstv\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161 tich\u00fd a rezervovan\u00fd. Jeho vrstevn\u00edci vzpom\u00ednali, \u017ee byl nen\u00e1padn\u00fd a m\u00e1lo spole\u010densk\u00fd \u2013 co\u017e kontrastuje s jeho pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rol\u00ed u\u010ditele na \u00c9cole Polytechnique. P\u016fvodn\u011b cht\u011bl b\u00fdt in\u017een\u00fdrem stavby most\u016f. Cht\u011bl prakticky stav\u011bt v\u011bci, ne z\u016fstat v matematice. Jen\u017ee jeho talent na v\u00fdpo\u010dty byl tak v\u00fdrazn\u00fd, \u017ee skon\u010dil u \u010dist\u00e9 mechaniky a v\u00fduky. Ironicky, definov\u00e1n\u00edm \u201epr\u00e1ce\u201c se nakonec k praktick\u00e9mu stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed zase vr\u00e1til.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fd u\u010ditel, ne jen v\u011bdec<\/h2>\n

Studenti si ho pamatovali jako pedagoga, kter\u00fd m\u011bl trp\u011blivost vysv\u011btlovat mechaniku krok za krokem. D\u00e1val pr\u00fd p\u0159ednost tomu, aby studenti pochopili podstatu, ne\u017e aby se honili za formalismem.<\/p>\n

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Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce<\/h2>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed se prudce rozv\u00edjela pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce. Stroje \u2013 zejm\u00e9na parn\u00ed \u2013 se st\u00e1valy slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a vy\u017eadovaly p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Mechanika v t\u00e9 dob\u011b um\u011bla dob\u0159e \u0159e\u0161it rovnice pohybu \u010d\u00e1stic, ale nem\u011bla jasn\u00fd form\u00e1ln\u00ed pojem pro \u201emno\u017estv\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce\u201c, kterou stroj vykon\u00e1. V praxi in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i mluvili o \u201ev\u00fdkonu\u201c a \u201e\u00fa\u010dinnosti\u201c, ale nebylo to matematicky ukotveno.<\/p>\n

Coriolis se proto sna\u017eil vytvo\u0159it most mezi \u010distou teori\u00ed a technickou prax\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 1829 vydal „Du calcul de l’effet des machines“ (\u201eO v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u00fa\u010dinku stroj\u016f\u201c).<\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ci definoval mechanickou pr\u00e1ci jako sou\u010din s\u00edly a dr\u00e1hy ve sm\u011bru s\u00edly. Tedy n\u011bco, co dnes bereme jako samoz\u0159ejmost. C\u00edlem nebylo zav\u00e9st nov\u00fd fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon, ale d\u00e1t praktick\u00fdm v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016fm stroj\u016f p\u0159esn\u00fd matematick\u00fd r\u00e1mec. \u0160lo mu tedy o to, aby se dala p\u0159esn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtat \u201eu\u017eite\u010dnost\u201c stroje, porovn\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 mechanismy a optimalizovat jejich konstrukci.<\/p>\n

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Image source: https:\/\/alde.fr\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (21.5. 1792 – 19.9. 1843) byl francouzsk\u00fd matematik, fyzik a in\u017een\u00fdr, kter\u00fd se nesmazateln\u011b zapsal do d\u011bjin v\u011bdy sv\u00fdm popisem jevu dnes …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6082"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6090,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6082\/revisions\/6090"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}