{"id":5968,"date":"1901-12-05T13:15:40","date_gmt":"1901-12-05T12:15:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5968"},"modified":"2025-10-09T09:06:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T07:06:07","slug":"werner-heisenberg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5968","title":{"rendered":"Werner Heisenberg"},"content":{"rendered":"

Werner Karl Heisenberg (5.12. 1901 – 1.2. 1976) byl synem profesora \u0159e\u010dtiny, a tak vyr\u016fstal v akademick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. U\u017e jako student se projevoval v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm talentem v matematice a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd\u00e1ch. V 18 letech za\u010dal studovat fyziku na Mnichovsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, kde se brzy dostal pod veden\u00ed slavn\u00e9ho fyzika Arnolda Sommerfelda.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Je\u0161t\u011b jako velmi mlad\u00fd student se setkal s dal\u0161\u00edmi ikonami fyziky, nap\u0159\u00edklad s Nielsem Bohrem<\/a>, a to ovlivnilo cel\u00fd jeho dal\u0161\u00ed sm\u011br \u2013 pono\u0159il se do tehdy rod\u00edc\u00ed se kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos Heisenberga spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve formulaci Heisenbergova principu neur\u010ditosti (1927)<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Tento princip \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee nelze sou\u010dasn\u011b s libovolnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed ur\u010dit polohu a hybnost \u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edm p\u0159esn\u011bji zn\u00e1me jednu veli\u010dinu, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme zn\u00e1t druhou.<\/p>\n

Tento objev ot\u0159\u00e1sl tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edstavou fyziky jako v\u011bdy o p\u0159esn\u00fdch z\u00e1konech a p\u0159ivedl ji do sv\u011bta pravd\u011bpodobnosti a neur\u010ditosti. V t\u00e9m\u017ee roce formuloval i matematickou podobu kvantov\u00e9 mechaniky \u2013 tzv. maticovou mechaniku, kter\u00e1 byla jin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem ne\u017e Schr\u00f6dingerova vlnov\u00e1 mechanika, ale vedla ke stejn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Za tyto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy z\u00edskal Heisenberg Nobelovu cenu za fyziku<\/strong> u\u017e ve sv\u00fdch 31 letech \u2013 v roce 1932.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti o W. Heisenbergovi<\/h2>\n

Fyzik v bou\u0159liv\u00e9 dob\u011b:<\/strong> B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vedl Heisenberg n\u011bmeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum jadern\u00e9 energie. Historici se dodnes p\u0159ou, zda v\u011bdom\u011b br\u00e1nil v\u00fdvoji jadern\u00e9 bomby pro nacisty, nebo jestli ho technicky nezvl\u00e1dl. S\u00e1m tvrdil, \u017ee cht\u011bl zabr\u00e1nit katastrof\u011b.<\/p>\n

Hudba jako inspirace:<\/strong> Heisenberg byl v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdm klav\u00edristou a v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee hudba a fyzika maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad \u2013 strukturu, kr\u00e1su a harmonii.<\/p>\n

Filozofick\u00fd p\u0159esah:<\/strong> Heisenberg nebyl jen fyzik. Psal tak\u00e9 filozofick\u00e9 eseje o povaze reality a v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Uzn\u00e1val v\u00fdznam intuice a hranic lidsk\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Po v\u00e1lce m\u00edrotvorce:<\/strong> Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce pom\u00e1hal obnovit n\u011bmeckou v\u011bdu a byl jedn\u00edm ze zakladatel\u016f spole\u010dnosti CERN, kter\u00e1 dnes provozuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed urychlova\u010d \u010d\u00e1stic na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kvantov\u00fd pr\u016fkopn\u00edk:<\/strong> Jeho jm\u00e9no dnes nese \u0159ada fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f, princip\u016f a model\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Heisenberg\u016fv model v magnetismu nebo Heisenbergova relace neur\u010ditosti jsou st\u00e1le z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi pojmy v u\u010debnic\u00edch fyziky.<\/p>\n

Farm Hall a pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed:<\/strong> Po v\u00e1lce byl Heisenberg spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi v\u011bdci zadr\u017een v r\u00e1mci operace Epsilon a internov\u00e1n ve Farm Hall v Anglii. Zde byly jejich rozhovory tajn\u011b nahr\u00e1v\u00e1ny. Z\u00e1znamy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Heisenberg nebyl schopen p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit kritickou masu pot\u0159ebnou pro jadernou bombu, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky nezab\u00fdval praktick\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem zbran\u011b.<\/p>\n

Werner Heisenberg<\/srong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Werner Karl Heisenberg (5.12. 1901 – 1.2. 1976) byl synem profesora \u0159e\u010dtiny, a tak vyr\u016fstal v akademick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. U\u017e jako student se projevoval v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm talentem …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5968","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5968"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6170,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5968\/revisions\/6170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5968"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5968"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}