{"id":5658,"date":"2025-04-02T13:07:40","date_gmt":"2025-04-02T11:07:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5658"},"modified":"2025-04-10T09:52:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T07:52:09","slug":"elektromagneticke-zareni-historie-objevovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5658","title":{"rendered":"Elektromagnetick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed &#8211; historie a pr\u016fb\u011bh objevov\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1785 \u2013 Coulomb\u016fv z\u00e1kon<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Objevitel:<\/strong> Charles-Augustin de Coulomb<\/p>\n<p>Formuloval z\u00e1kon popisuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu mezi elektricky nabit\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi.<\/p>\n<h2>1831 \u2013 Elektromagnetick\u00e1 indukce<\/h2>\n<p>Objevitel: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5519\">Michael Faraday<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zjistil, \u017ee zm\u011bna magnetick\u00e9ho pole m\u016f\u017ee generovat elektrick\u00fd proud.<\/p>\n<h2>1864 \u2013 Maxwellovy rovnice<\/h2>\n<p>Objevitel: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5124\">James Clerk Maxwell<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Sjednotil elekt\u0159inu a magnetismus do rovnic, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bly elektromagnetick\u00e9 vlny.<\/p>\n<h2>1887 \u2013 Objev elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Objevitel:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5700\">Heinrich Hertz<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Experiment\u00e1ln\u011b potvrdil existenci elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln.<\/p>\n<h2>1887 \u2013 Fotoelektrick\u00fd jev<\/h2>\n<p>Objevitel\u00e9: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5700\">Heinrich Hertz<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5346\">Albert Einstein (1905)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hertz objevil, \u017ee sv\u011btlo m\u016f\u017ee uvol\u0148ovat elektrony z kov\u016f, Einstein to vysv\u011btlil pomoc\u00ed kvant foton\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>1895 \u2013 Objev rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Objevitel: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5625\">Wilhelm Conrad R\u00f6ntgen<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Objevil nov\u00fd druh elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 rentgenov\u00e9 paprsky, co\u017e vedlo k revoluci v medic\u00edn\u011b a fyzice.<\/p>\n<h2>1900 \u2013 Planckova kvantov\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za<\/h2>\n<p>Objevitel: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5450\">Max Planck<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Navrhl, \u017ee elektromagnetick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je vyza\u0159ov\u00e1no v diskr\u00e9tn\u00edch kvantech.<\/p>\n<h2>1913 \u2013 Bohr\u016fv model atomu<\/h2>\n<p>Objevitel: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5396\">Niels Bohr<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Elektrony v atomech mohou p\u0159ech\u00e1zet mezi kvantovan\u00fdmi drahami a vyza\u0159ovat z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>1924 \u2013 De Broglieho hypot\u00e9za<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Objevitel:<\/strong> Louis de Broglie<\/p>\n<p>Navrhl, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice jako elektrony maj\u00ed i vlnov\u00e9 vlastnosti, co\u017e vedlo k dal\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed kvantov\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>1940+ \u2013 Kvantov\u00e1 elektrodynamika (QED)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Objevitel\u00e9:<\/strong> Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga<\/p>\n<p>Vytvo\u0159ili modern\u00ed teorii elektromagnetick\u00e9 interakce, kter\u00e1 vysv\u011btluje interakce foton\u016f s nabit\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1785 \u2013 Coulomb\u016fv z\u00e1kon Objevitel: Charles-Augustin de Coulomb Formuloval z\u00e1kon popisuj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu mezi elektricky nabit\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi. 1831 \u2013 Elektromagnetick\u00e1 indukce Objevitel: Michael Faraday Zjistil, \u017ee &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5698,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[67],"class_list":["post-5658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-atomy-a-zareni","tag-historie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5658"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5658\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5698"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}