{"id":5641,"date":"1852-12-15T11:33:02","date_gmt":"1852-12-15T10:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5641"},"modified":"2025-04-01T11:48:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T09:48:17","slug":"henri-beckerel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5641","title":{"rendered":"Henri Beckerel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Henri Beckerel 15.12. 1852 – 25.8. 1908 byl francouzsk\u00fd fyzik, kter\u00fd zcela nepl\u00e1novan\u011b zm\u011bnil sv\u011bt v\u011bdy. Poch\u00e1zel z v\u011bdeck\u00e9 rodiny a zab\u00fdval se v\u00fdzkumem fosforescence \u2013 cht\u011bl zjistit, zda ur\u010dit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly po vystaven\u00ed slunci vyza\u0159uj\u00ed neviditeln\u00e9 paprsky podobn\u00e9 rentgenov\u00fdm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Henri poch\u00e1zel z rodiny v\u011bdc\u016f. Jeho otec a d\u011bde\u010dek byli tak\u00e9 fyzikov\u00e9 a chemici, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvali luminiscenc\u00ed. Henri tak pokra\u010doval v rodinn\u00e9 tradici \u2013 a nakonec ji p\u0159ekonal objevem radioaktivity.<\/p>\n

V roce 1896 p\u0159i\u0161el osudov\u00fd objev. Becquerel nechal ve sk\u0159\u00edni fotografickou desku spolu s uranovou sol\u00ed zabalenou v \u010dern\u00e9m pap\u00edru. P\u0159esto\u017ee vzorky nebyly vystaveny sv\u011btlu, deska se exponovala. To znamenalo jedin\u00e9 \u2013 uran vyza\u0159oval z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed s\u00e1m od sebe.<\/p>\n

Ne\u010dekan\u00fd experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch se stal kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm krokem k objevu p\u0159irozen\u00e9 radioaktivity, na kter\u00fd nav\u00e1zali Marie a Pierre Curie. Za sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00ednos fyzice z\u00edskal v roce 1903 Nobelovu cenu spolu s man\u017eely Curieov\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

(Kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00e9mu po\u010das\u00ed v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei nemohl sv\u00e9 vzorky oz\u00e1\u0159it sluncem a nechal je n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed ve sk\u0159\u00edni ve tm\u011b. Kdy\u017e p\u0159esto vyvolal fotografickou desku, zjistil, \u017ee na n\u00ed vznikl obraz, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vznik\u00e1 samovoln\u011b, bez nutnosti osv\u00edcen\u00ed.)<\/p>\n

D\u00edky Becquerelov\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu objevu se otev\u0159ela cesta k jadern\u00e9 fyzice, medic\u00edn\u011b i energetice. A to v\u0161e jen proto, \u017ee se v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei zat\u00e1hlo a on nemohl prov\u00e9st sv\u016fj p\u016fvodn\u00ed pokus.<\/p>\n

Jednotka becquerel<\/h2>\n

Zat\u00edmco Marie Curie se stala ikonou v\u011bdy, Becquerel z\u016fst\u00e1val sp\u00ed\u0161e v pozad\u00ed. P\u0159esto jeho pr\u00e1ce umo\u017enila vznik obor\u016f jako jadern\u00e1 fyzika a medic\u00edna. Jeho jm\u00e9no nese jednotka becquerel (Bq), kter\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed radioaktivitu.<\/p>\n

Studium beta \u010d\u00e1stic<\/h2>\n

V roce 1900 se zam\u011b\u0159il na studium beta \u010d\u00e1stic a zjistil, \u017ee jejich vlastnosti odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed vlastnostem elektron\u016f s vysokou rychlost\u00ed. Tento objev p\u0159isp\u011bl k hlub\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed struktury atomu a povahy radioaktivn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Henri Becquerel<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Image source: https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Henri-Becquerel#\/media\/1\/58020\/138827<\/p>\n

– Biografie na nobelprize.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Henri Beckerel 15.12. 1852 – 25.8. 1908 byl francouzsk\u00fd fyzik, kter\u00fd zcela nepl\u00e1novan\u011b zm\u011bnil sv\u011bt v\u011bdy. Poch\u00e1zel z v\u011bdeck\u00e9 rodiny a zab\u00fdval se v\u00fdzkumem fosforescence …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5641\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}