{"id":5470,"date":"2025-12-02T12:04:53","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T11:04:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5470"},"modified":"2025-12-03T10:52:45","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T09:52:45","slug":"sireni-tepla-prehled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5470","title":{"rendered":"\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tepla – p\u0159ehled"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pro\u010d c\u00edt\u00edme teplo od ohn\u011b, i kdy\u017e se ho nedot\u00fdk\u00e1me? Pro\u010d se l\u017e\u00edce v hork\u00e9 pol\u00e9vce tak rychle zah\u0159eje? \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tepla je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev, kter\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje n\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot \u2013 od slune\u010dn\u00edch paprsk\u016f a\u017e po radi\u00e1tory topen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s v zim\u011b zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

U vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny tepla mezi t\u011blesy se obvykle teplo \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed sm\u011brem od teplej\u0161\u00edho t\u011blesa k chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu. Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159enos energie. \u010c\u00e1stice s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed energi\u00ed po sr\u00e1\u017ece s \u010d\u00e1stic\u00ed s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed energi\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 energie. Jej\u00ed energetick\u00fd stav se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, stav sousedn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Zp\u016fsob<\/th>\nJak funguje?<\/th>\nP\u0159\u00edklad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u00e1l\u00e1n\u00ed (tepeln\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed)<\/b><\/td>\nP\u0159enos tepla pomoc\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00fdch vln, bez nutnosti prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/td>\nTeplo od Slunce, hork\u00fd radi\u00e1tor, ohe\u0148 h\u0159eje i na d\u00e1lku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Veden\u00ed (kondukce)<\/b><\/td>\nP\u0159enos tepla mezi \u010d\u00e1sticemi l\u00e1tky p\u0159i jejich p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m kontaktu<\/td>\nHork\u00e1 l\u017e\u00edce v pol\u00e9vce, sp\u00e1lenina od \u017eehli\u010dky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proud\u011bn\u00ed (konvekce)<\/b><\/td>\nP\u0159enos tepla pohybem kapaliny nebo plynu (hork\u00fd stoup\u00e1, studen\u00fd kles\u00e1)<\/td>\nTepl\u00fd vzduch nad ohn\u011bm, oh\u0159ev vody v hrnci, radi\u00e1tor oh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edstnost<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  • S\u00e1l\u00e1n\u00ed funguje i ve vakuu.<\/li>\n
  • Veden\u00ed vy\u017eaduje pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky (kovy vedou teplo nejl\u00e9pe).<\/li>\n
  • Proud\u011bn\u00ed funguje v kapalin\u00e1ch a plynech (voda, vzduch).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi teplem a teplotou?<\/h2>\n

    Teplota \ud83c\udf21\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    Teplota n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, jak hork\u00fd nebo studen\u00fd je n\u011bjak\u00fd objekt. M\u011b\u0159\u00edme ji v stupn\u00edch Celsia (\u00b0C) nebo t\u0159eba v Kelvinech (K).<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kdy\u017e se voda va\u0159\u00ed, m\u00e1 teplotu 100 \u00b0C. Je to d\u016fsledek toho, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice uvnit\u0159 l\u00e1tky se pohybuj\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e kdy\u017e je venku mr\u00e1z a \u010d\u00e1stice se tak pohybuj\u00ed mnohem pomaleji.<\/p>\n

    Veli\u010dinu teplota<\/em> ozna\u010dujeme t<\/strong> – pokud m\u011b\u0159\u00edme ve stupn\u00edch Celsia (\u00b0C) nebo T<\/strong>, pokud m\u011b\u0159\u00edme v Kelvinech (K).<\/p>\n

    Teplo \ud83d\udd25<\/h3>\n

    Teplo je energie, kterou t\u011bleso p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 nebo odevzd\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e se m\u011bn\u00ed jeho teplota. M\u011b\u0159\u00edme ho v joulech (J).<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kdy\u017e d\u00e1me ruku k tepl\u00e9mu hrnku, c\u00edt\u00edme, jak teplo p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na na\u0161i k\u016f\u017ei. Kdy\u017e si d\u00e1me led do ruky, na\u0161e ruka mu p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 teplo a on taje. Teplo je tak\u00e9 d\u016fsledek pohybu molekul a energie \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u011bleso nebo l\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n

    Veli\u010dinu teplo<\/em> ozna\u010dujeme: Q<\/strong>, jednotkou je Joule (J).<\/p>\n

    M\u016f\u017eeme si to p\u0159edstavit jako p\u00edskovi\u0161t\u011b:<\/h3>\n

    Teplota je jako v\u00fd\u0161ka hromady p\u00edsku (\u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hromada, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed teplota). Teplo je mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u00edsku, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ehazujeme lopatkou mezi hromadami (energie, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pro\u010d c\u00edt\u00edme teplo od ohn\u011b, i kdy\u017e se ho nedot\u00fdk\u00e1me? Pro\u010d se l\u017e\u00edce v hork\u00e9 pol\u00e9vce tak rychle zah\u0159eje? \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tepla je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed jev, kter\u00fd …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teplo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6323,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5470\/revisions\/6323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}