{"id":5157,"date":"1789-03-16T16:33:28","date_gmt":"1789-03-16T15:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5157"},"modified":"2026-05-12T07:48:07","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T05:48:07","slug":"georg-ohm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5157","title":{"rendered":"Georg Ohm"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Georga Ohma (16.3. 1789 – 6.6. 1854) je pln\u00fd ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, odvahy a inspirace. Tento n\u011bmeck\u00fd fyzik nejen \u017ee zm\u011bnil zp\u016fsob, jak m\u011b\u0159\u00edme elektrick\u00fd proud, ale jeho \u017eivotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ukazuje, jak vytrvalost a z\u00e1jem o v\u011bdu mohou p\u0159ekonat jak\u00e9koliv p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Skromn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky<\/h2>\n

Georg Simon Ohm se narodil v roce 1789 v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Erlangenu do rodiny, kter\u00e1 rozhodn\u011b nepat\u0159ila k bohat\u00fdm. Jeho otec byl z\u00e1me\u010dn\u00edk, ale m\u011bl hlubok\u00fd z\u00e1jem o vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Nau\u010dil Georga i jeho bratry matematiku, fyziku a filozofii. Ohm tedy neza\u010d\u00ednal v luxusn\u00edch laborato\u0159\u00edch, ale v mal\u00e9m domku, kde se vzd\u011bl\u00e1val vlastn\u00edmi silami.<\/p>\n

Ohm byl tich\u00fd, nen\u00e1padn\u00fd a tvrd\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk. Nikdy nehledal sl\u00e1vu, ale jeho vytrvalost a l\u00e1ska k fyzice ho nakonec dovedly k nesmrtelnosti ve sv\u011bt\u011b v\u011bdy.<\/p>\n

Ohm\u016fv z\u00e1kon vznikl na oby\u010dejn\u00e9m dr\u00e1tu<\/h2>\n

Ohmova nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce o vztahu mezi nap\u011bt\u00edm, proudem a odporem nevznikla v modern\u00ed laborato\u0159i, ale pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a dr\u00e1t\u016f. Ohm experimentoval s kovov\u00fdmi vodi\u010di a sna\u017eil se pochopit, jak elektrick\u00fd proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Jeho vzorec <\/p>\n

  <\/span>   <\/span>\"\[<\/p>\n

(odpor = nap\u011bt\u00ed \/ proud) se stal z\u00e1kladem elektrotechniky.<\/p>\n

Akademick\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n

A\u010dkoliv dnes Ohm\u016fv z\u00e1kon zn\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd student, v jeho dob\u011b nebyl jeho objev v\u016fbec p\u0159ijat s nad\u0161en\u00edm. V\u011bdeck\u00e1 komunita ho dlouho ignorovala a Ohm nemohl naj\u00edt stabiln\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed jako profesor. Jeho knihy o elekt\u0159in\u011b se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku prod\u00e1valy tak \u0161patn\u011b, \u017ee m\u011bl probl\u00e9my u\u017eivit se.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1zrak na posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli<\/h2>\n

Ohmova kari\u00e9ra se za\u010dala obracet a\u017e v roce 1841, kdy jeho pr\u00e1ce z\u00edskala presti\u017en\u00ed ocen\u011bn\u00ed od Britsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Najednou se z „outsidera“ stal respektovan\u00fd v\u011bdec. Dostal pozv\u00e1n\u00ed na presti\u017en\u00ed univerzity a jeho objevy za\u010daly m\u011bnit sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201eohm\u201c?<\/h2>\n

Jednotka elektrick\u00e9ho odporu byla pojmenov\u00e1na po Ohmovi v roce 1881, tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 let po jeho smrti. Toto uzn\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje, jak velk\u00fd vliv m\u011bla jeho pr\u00e1ce na modern\u00ed elektrotechniku. Dnes je ohm z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotkou ve v\u0161ech elektrick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech \u2013 od drobn\u00fdch obvod\u016f a\u017e po obrovsk\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Georga Ohma (16.3. 1789 – 6.6. 1854) je pln\u00fd ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, odvahy a inspirace. Tento n\u011bmeck\u00fd fyzik nejen \u017ee zm\u011bnil zp\u016fsob, jak m\u011b\u0159\u00edme elektrick\u00fd proud, …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5157"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5157\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6579,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5157\/revisions\/6579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5157"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}