{"id":5148,"date":"1818-12-24T16:03:43","date_gmt":"1818-12-24T15:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5148"},"modified":"2025-09-11T07:59:39","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T05:59:39","slug":"5148","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5148","title":{"rendered":"James Prescott Joule"},"content":{"rendered":"

James Prescott Joule (24.12. 1818 \u2013 11.10. 1889), jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u016f 19. stolet\u00ed. Dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st revolu\u010dn\u00ed objevy.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\"JP<\/p>\n

Joule byl samouk<\/h2>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny v\u011bc\u016f tehdej\u0161\u00ed doby nem\u011bl Joule \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed na vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole. V\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00fdch znalost\u00ed z\u00edskal samostudiem a p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00edm s dal\u0161\u00edmi v\u011bdci, jako byl chemik John Dalton. Joule si doma postavil laborato\u0159 a experimentoval s t\u00edm, co m\u011bl po ruce. Jeho zv\u011bdavost a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed byly jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi zbran\u011bmi.<\/p>\n

Objev energie v p\u00edp\u011b<\/h2>\n

Jedna z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee Joule\u016fv nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objev vznikl d\u00edky jeho l\u00e1sce k pivu. Ano, \u010dte\u0161 spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u2013 pivu! Jeho rodina vlastnila pivovar, kde se Joule sna\u017eil zlep\u0161it efektivitu parn\u00edch stroj\u016f. P\u0159i t\u011bchto experimentech si v\u0161iml, \u017ee mechanick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce m\u016f\u017ee produkovat teplo, co\u017e ho p\u0159ivedlo k formulaci jednoho ze z\u00e1sadn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f fyziky \u2013 z\u00e1kona o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n

Energii nelze vyrobit ani zni\u010dit, ale pouze p\u0159em\u011bnit na jin\u00fd druh energie.<\/em><\/p>\n

Experimenty s vodop\u00e1dem<\/h2>\n

Joule cht\u011bl dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed energie vody se p\u0159i jej\u00edm p\u00e1du m\u011bn\u00ed na tepelnou energii. Proto si napl\u00e1noval neobvykl\u00fd experiment. Vydal se do hor, aby m\u011b\u0159il teplotu vody nad a pod vodop\u00e1dem. Jeho teorie byla spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, ale rozd\u00edl teplot byl tak mal\u00fd, \u017ee tehdej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje jej nedok\u00e1zaly spolehliv\u011b zm\u011b\u0159it. To ho ale neodradilo od dal\u0161\u00edho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b \u201ejoul\u201c?<\/h2>\n

Jednotka energie byla pojmenov\u00e1na na Jouleovu po\u010dest a to nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda. Jeho d\u016fkladn\u00e9 experimenty uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee energie nen\u00ed nic mystick\u00e9ho, ale m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 veli\u010dina. Dnes m\u00e1me jouly ve v\u0161em \u2013 od popisu spot\u0159eby elekt\u0159iny a\u017e po m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed energie v j\u00eddle.<\/p>\n

Joule nebyl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd showman. Nen\u00e1vid\u011bl vel ve\u0161kerou pozornost a rad\u011bji tr\u00e1vil \u010das v laborato\u0159i ne\u017e na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch nebo ve spole\u010dnosti. <\/p>\n

– Dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavosti z scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk (anglicky)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

James Prescott Joule (24.12. 1818 \u2013 11.10. 1889), jeden z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u016f 19. stolet\u00ed. Dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed oby\u010dejn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st revolu\u010dn\u00ed objevy. Joule …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5148"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6045,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148\/revisions\/6045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}