{"id":5064,"date":"1856-07-10T14:50:52","date_gmt":"1856-07-10T13:53:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5064"},"modified":"2025-11-26T07:27:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T06:27:50","slug":"nikola-tesla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5064","title":{"rendered":"Nikola Tesla"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nikola Tesla (10.7. 1856 &#8211; 7.1. 1943) byl jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vyn\u00e1lezc\u016f v\u0161ech dob, kter\u00fd m\u011bl hr\u016fzu z perel (podobnou posedlost\u00ed trp\u011bl pr\u00fd i Pythagoras) a m\u011bl posedlost \u010d\u00edslem 3.<\/p>\n<p>Mal\u00fd Nikola vyr\u016fstal v Chorvatsku a u\u017e jako d\u00edt\u011b byl tak trochu podiv\u00edn &#8211; po\u010d\u00edtal sv\u00e9 kroky p\u0159i ch\u016fzi a musel v\u0161e d\u011blat t\u0159ikr\u00e1t. M\u00edsto hran\u00ed si p\u0159edstavoval zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed stroje a vyn\u00e1lezy. A v\u00edte co? Tyto &#8222;divn\u00e9&#8220; vlastnosti mu pozd\u011bji pomohly st\u00e1t se jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vyn\u00e1lezc\u016f v historii!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-fyzika-vltava.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5070\" style=\"width: 100%;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-fyzika-vltava.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-fyzika-vltava-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-fyzika-vltava-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-fyzika-vltava-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-fyzika-vltava-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Tesla byl skute\u010dn\u00fd g\u00e9nius s velmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi zvyky<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ka\u017ed\u00fd den si vzal 18 ubrousk\u016f a le\u0161til si p\u0159\u00edbory, dokud se neleskly<\/li>\n<li>\u017dil v hotelu a vy\u017eadoval v\u017edy pokoj s \u010d\u00edslem d\u011bliteln\u00fdm t\u0159emi<\/li>\n<li>M\u011bl tak r\u00e1d holuby, \u017ee je krmil p\u0159es okno sv\u00e9ho hotelov\u00e9ho pokoje.<\/li>\n<li>Pracoval \u010dasto celou noc p\u0159i sv\u011btle blesku b\u011bhem bou\u0159ky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Teslovy nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>St\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu m\u00e1me elekt\u0159inu v z\u00e1suvk\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<li>Bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd p\u0159enos energie (ano, jako dne\u0161n\u00ed bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 nab\u00edje\u010dky!)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (prvn\u00ed p\u0159edvedl na d\u00e1lkov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 lodi\u010dce!)<\/li>\n<li>Tesla c\u00edvka, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed blesky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Fascinace blesky<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee Tesla dok\u00e1zal ve sv\u00e9 laborato\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159et um\u011bl\u00e9 blesky! Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161li kolem, \u010dasto vid\u011bli modr\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159e a jiskry \u0161lehaj\u00edc\u00ed z oken. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed si dokonce mysleli, \u017ee je \u010darod\u011bj!<br \/>\nZaj\u00edmav\u00e9 bylo i jeho p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed s Markem Twainem. \u010casto spolu d\u011blali bl\u00e1zniv\u00e9 experimenty &#8211; t\u0159eba kdy\u017e Tesla sestrojil vibra\u010dn\u00ed stroj, na kter\u00e9m Twain sk\u00e1kal, dokud mu nebylo \u0161patn\u011b!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tesla si uv\u011bdomoval, \u017ee v blesk\u00e1ch m\u00e1me k dispozici prakticky neomezen\u00fd zdroj elektrick\u00e9 energie. Cht\u011bl ji ovl\u00e1dnou a zp\u0159\u00edstupnit zdarma lidem.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tesla byl tak\u00e9 trochu superhrdina &#8211; dok\u00e1zal si v hlav\u011b p\u0159edstavit cel\u00fd stroj, sestavit ho a otestovat, ani\u017e by cokoliv nakreslil na pap\u00edr. Jeho pam\u011b\u0165 byla tak dokonal\u00e1, \u017ee si pamatoval cel\u00e9 knihy!<br \/>\nI kdy\u017e zem\u0159el s\u00e1m v hotelov\u00e9m pokoji, jeho odkaz \u017eije d\u00e1l. Dnes jeho jm\u00e9no najdete v\u0161ude &#8211; od elektromobil\u016f Tesla a\u017e po jednotku <a href=\"\/fyzika\/?p=4768\">magnetick\u00e9 indukce<\/a>. A ka\u017ed\u00fd den, kdy\u017e rozsv\u00edt\u00edte sv\u011btlo nebo zapnete televizi, m\u016f\u017eete pod\u011bkovat tomuto podiv\u00ednsk\u00e9mu g\u00e9niovi za to, \u017ee n\u00e1m uk\u00e1zal, jak vyu\u017e\u00edt elekt\u0159inu zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n<h2>Teslovy patenty<\/h2>\n<p>I kdy\u017e byl Tesla geni\u00e1ln\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezce, s pen\u011bzi a praktick\u00fdm \u017eivotem to moc neum\u011bl. Jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh s patenty je jako horsk\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha pln\u00e1 vzestup\u016f a p\u00e1d\u016f!<\/p>\n<h3>Westinghouse a st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Tesla prodal sv\u00e9 patenty na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud za 216 000 dolar\u016f (tehdy obrovsk\u00e9 pen\u00edze!)<\/li>\n<li>Plus m\u011bl dost\u00e1vat 2,5 dolaru za ka\u017edou vyrobenou jednotku v\u00fdkonu<\/li>\n<li>Kdy\u017e se Westinghouse dostal do pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, Tesla sv\u00e9 licen\u010dn\u00ed poplatky zru\u0161il<\/li>\n<li>T\u00edm p\u0159i\u0161el o miliony dolar\u016f a mo\u017enost b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed sv\u011bta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 patenty<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Z\u00edskal p\u0159es 300 patent\u016f ve 27 zem\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>Mnoho patent\u016f bylo tak pokrokov\u00fdch, \u017ee je nikdo nech\u00e1pal<\/li>\n<li>Patent na bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd p\u0159enos energie byl tak revolu\u010dn\u00ed, \u017ee mu nikdo nev\u011b\u0159il<\/li>\n<li>N\u011bkter\u00e9 jeho patenty jsou dodnes tajemstv\u00edm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>(Finan\u010dn\u011b) nepraktick\u00fd Tesla<\/h3>\n<p>Neum\u011bl p\u0159em\u011bnit sv\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy v komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch a \u010dasto rozd\u00e1val sv\u00e9 n\u00e1pady zadarmo. Investoval pen\u00edze do projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed. Jeho vys\u00edlac\u00ed v\u011b\u017e Wardenclyffe ho finan\u010dn\u011b zruinovala.<\/p>\n<h3>Smutn\u00fd konec g\u00e9nia<\/h3>\n<p>Tesla zem\u0159el chud\u00fd v hotelov\u00e9m pokoji. FBI zabavila jeho pozn\u00e1mky a dokumenty. Mnoho jeho patent\u016f bylo &#8222;zapomenuto&#8220; a znovu objeveno a\u017e o des\u00edtky let pozd\u011bji. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jeho vyn\u00e1lezy jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem diskuz\u00ed a tajemstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-zv.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-5648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-zv.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-zv-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-zv-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/1856\/07\/nikola-tesla-zv-768x1152.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Zaj\u00edmavosti a v\u00fdst\u0159ednosti<\/h2>\n<p>\u27a4 Obsedantn\u00ed vztah k \u010distot\u011b a \u010d\u00edslu 3<br \/>\nTesla m\u011bl \u0159adu nutkav\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ed vstupem do budovy t\u0159ikr\u00e1t obe\u0161el blok, myl si ruce ve t\u0159ech cyklech, a mnoh\u00e9 \u010dinnosti prov\u00e1d\u011bl pouze v n\u00e1sobc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed. \u010c\u00edslo 3 pova\u017eoval za kl\u00ed\u010d k vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a4 A\u017e fotografick\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165<br \/>\nTvrdil, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b vizualizovat svoje vyn\u00e1lezy ve 3D v mysli a nemus\u00ed je kreslit. N\u011bkdy nechal stroje \u201eb\u011b\u017eet\u201c jen v p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch a podle jejich \u201ezvuku\u201c a \u201evibrac\u00ed\u201c ur\u010doval, zda budou fungovat.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a4 Strach z bakteri\u00ed<br \/>\nByl zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou panickou obavou z infekc\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edval obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed ubrousk\u016f, odm\u00edtal doteky a velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b si vyb\u00edral, s k\u00fdm se st\u00fdk\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a4 Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed j\u00eddeln\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly<br \/>\nP\u0159ed j\u00eddlem si nech\u00e1val p\u0159in\u00e9st hromadu ubrousk\u016f, n\u011bkdy i 18 najednou. Po\u010d\u00edtal objem i hmotnost ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sousta a m\u011bl propracovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m stravovac\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a4 Miloval holuby<br \/>\nNa st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tr\u00e1vil hodn\u011b \u010dasu v newyorsk\u00fdch parc\u00edch, kde krmil holuby. O jedn\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 holubici \u0159\u00edkal, \u017ee ji miloval jako \u010dlov\u011bk miluje \u017eenu, a \u017ee byla jeho nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm tvorem.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a4 Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed sp\u00e1nek<br \/>\nTvrdil, \u017ee sp\u00ed jen dv\u011b hodiny denn\u011b a zbytek \u010dasu pracuje. Zbytek jeho \u201esp\u00e1nku\u201c tvo\u0159ily kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, n\u011bkolikaminutov\u00e9 mikrosp\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n<p>\u27a4 Zrazuval komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch<br \/>\nRad\u011bji pracoval na velkolep\u00fdch viz\u00edch ne\u017e na v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u00fdch projektech. Proto tak\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inu \u017eivota str\u00e1vil v chudob\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee jeho vyn\u00e1lezy dodnes formuj\u00ed sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nikola Tesla (10.7. 1856 &#8211; 7.1. 1943) byl jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vyn\u00e1lezc\u016f v\u0161ech dob, kter\u00fd m\u011bl hr\u016fzu z perel (podobnou posedlost\u00ed trp\u011bl pr\u00fd i Pythagoras) &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-osobnosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5064"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6299,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5064\/revisions\/6299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}