{"id":4619,"date":"2024-10-21T18:51:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-21T16:51:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=4619"},"modified":"2025-01-10T22:51:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T21:51:29","slug":"magnetismus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=4619","title":{"rendered":"Magnetismus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Magnetismus je fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev, kter\u00fd je \u00fazce spjat s elekt\u0159inou. Magnetick\u00e9 pole je oblast kolem magnetu, ve kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed magnetick\u00e1 s\u00edla. Magnety mohou p\u0159itahovat nebo odpuzovat jin\u00e9 magnety a magnetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Magnetick\u00e9 pole je mo\u017en\u00e9 popsat silo\u010darami<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed sm\u011br a velikost magnetick\u00e9ho pole. <\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed druhy magnet\u016f – permanentn\u00ed a elektromagnety. Permanentn\u00ed magnety vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole, zat\u00edmco elektromagnety generuj\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole pouze v okam\u017eiku, kdy jimi prot\u00e9k\u00e1 elektrick\u00fd proud. <\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek magnetick\u00e9 pole, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed magnetika. Magnetikem je nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017eelezo.<\/p>\n

Vlastnosti magnetick\u00e9ho pole z\u00e1vis\u00ed na mnoha faktorech, jako je tvar magnetu, materi\u00e1l, ze kter\u00e9ho je vyroben, a velikost prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edho proudu. Magnety maj\u00ed dva magnetick\u00e9 p\u00f3ly – severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed. Opa\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00f3ly se p\u0159itahuj\u00ed, zat\u00edmco stejn\u00e9 se odpuzuj\u00ed.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak funguje magnet?<\/a><\/p>\n

Magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b<\/h2>\n

Zem\u011bkoule se chov\u00e1 jako obrovsk\u00fd magnet a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed magnetosf\u00e9ru kolem na\u0161\u00ed planety. Ta m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Co v\u0161echno z\u00e1vis\u00ed na magnetick\u00e9m poli Zem\u011b?<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Navigace<\/strong> – absence magnetick\u00e9ho pole by znemo\u017enila fungov\u00e1n\u00ed kompas\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch naviga\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na orientaci podle magnetick\u00e9ho severu. To by v\u00fdrazn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eilo navigaci jak na zemi, tak na mo\u0159i a ve vzduchu.<\/li>\n
  • Ochrana p\u0159ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm<\/strong> – magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed magnetosf\u00e9ru, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm kosmick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Bez t\u00e9to magnetick\u00e9 clony by \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy byly vystaveny zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu riziku mutac\u00ed a po\u0161kozen\u00ed bun\u011bk.<\/li>\n
  • Stabilita klimatu<\/strong> – magnetick\u00e9 pole pom\u00e1h\u00e1 stabilizovat osu rotace Zem\u011b, co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro stabiln\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed osy rotace by vedlo k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm klimatick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m.<\/li>\n
  • Migrace \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f<\/strong> – mnoh\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 druhy, jako pt\u00e1ci nebo mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole Zem\u011b k navigaci b\u011bhem sez\u00f3nn\u00edch migrac\u00ed. Absence tohoto p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho kompasu by znemo\u017enila jejich dlouh\u00e9 p\u0159elety.<\/li>\n
  • Lidsk\u00e1 fyziologie<\/strong> – bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee magnetick\u00e9 pole ovliv\u0148uje produkci hormon\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv na sp\u00e1nek a rytmy lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Naru\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto funkc\u00ed by mohlo v\u00e9st ke zdravotn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/li>\n
  • Technologie<\/strong> – mnoh\u00e9 modern\u00ed technologie, jako gener\u00e1tory elekt\u0159iny, elektromotory nebo komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na fungov\u00e1n\u00ed magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed. Bez nich by byla v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto technologi\u00ed nerealizovateln\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Co se stalo na Marsu?<\/h2>\n

    Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f pro\u010d se stal Mars neob\u00fdvatelnou planetou byla pr\u00e1v\u011b skute\u010dnost, \u017ee p\u0159i\u0161el o sv\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole. D\u016fvod v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nezn\u00e1me.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Magnetismus je fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed jev, kter\u00fd je \u00fazce spjat s elekt\u0159inou. Magnetick\u00e9 pole je oblast kolem magnetu, ve kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed magnetick\u00e1 s\u00edla. Magnety mohou p\u0159itahovat nebo …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-magnetismus"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4619\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}