{"id":4369,"date":"2025-11-26T11:42:54","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T10:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=4369"},"modified":"2025-11-26T12:34:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T11:34:56","slug":"jak-funguje-transformator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=4369","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje transform\u00e1tor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Transform\u00e1tor je elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu pomoc\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 indukce. Funguje na principu p\u0159enosu energie mezi dv\u011bma navz\u00e1jem izolovan\u00fdmi c\u00edvkami, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle navinuty na spole\u010dn\u00e9m j\u00e1dru z magnetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy fungov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvka<\/strong> &#8211; (<em>ta prvn\u00ed<\/em>) &#8211; do t\u00e9to c\u00edvky je p\u0159ivedeno st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd magnetick\u00fd tok v j\u00e1d\u0159e transform\u00e1toru.<\/li>\n<li>Magnetick\u00fd tok: Magnetick\u00e9 pole vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v prim\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvce se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm j\u00e1dra p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed k sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvka<\/strong> &#8211; (<em>ta druh\u00e1<\/em>) &#8211; indukuje st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Velikost tohoto nap\u011bt\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pom\u011bru po\u010dtu z\u00e1vit\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvky.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Pom\u011br nap\u011bt\u00ed a z\u00e1vit\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>Nap\u011bt\u00ed na prim\u00e1rn\u00ed (U\u2081) a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed (U\u2082) c\u00edvce je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 po\u010dtu z\u00e1vit\u016f t\u011bchto c\u00edvek (N\u2081 a N\u2082):<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 51px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8c98673435f6f8ce5ae81d30ad2aa1bf_l3.png\" height=\"51\" width=\"91\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#85;&#95;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#85;&#95;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#78;&#95;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#78;&#95;&#49;&#125; &#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pokud m\u00e1 sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edvka v\u00edce z\u00e1vit\u016f ne\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u00ed, transform\u00e1tor <strong>zvy\u0161uje nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> (zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed transform\u00e1tor).<\/li>\n<li>Pokud m\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1vit\u016f, <strong>nap\u011bt\u00ed se sni\u017euje<\/strong> (sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed transform\u00e1tor).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=5002\">P\u0159\u00edklady k procvi\u010den\u00ed<\/a>]<\/p>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Transform\u00e1tory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b nap\u011bt\u00ed pro efektivn\u00ed p\u0159enos elektrick\u00e9 energie na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti (vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed znamen\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty) a k p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v dom\u00e1cnostech nebo pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n<h2>(\u0160koln\u00ed) zapojen\u00ed transform\u00e1toru<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?attachment_id=4993\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4993\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/transformatory-zs-vltava.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4993\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/transformatory-zs-vltava.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/transformatory-zs-vltava-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/transformatory-zs-vltava-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/transformatory-zs-vltava-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/transformatory-zs-vltava-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/transformatory-zs-vltava-888x500.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Transform\u00e1tory v elektrick\u00e9m veden\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Na sto\u017e\u00e1rech vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 transform\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159enos elekt\u0159iny na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m nap\u011bt\u00ed, co\u017e minimalizuje ztr\u00e1ty energie. <strong>P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e elekt\u0159ina dos\u00e1hne dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed nebo podnik\u016f, jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed transform\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na bezpe\u010dnou a pou\u017eitelnou \u00farove\u0148.<\/strong> Tyto distribu\u010dn\u00ed transform\u00e1tory lze \u010dasto vid\u011bt na sloupech elektrick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed nebo v bl\u00edzkosti budov. D\u00edky t\u00e9to technologii je mo\u017en\u00e9 efektivn\u011b z\u00e1sobovat elekt\u0159inou rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed transform\u00e1tory nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modern\u00ed energetick\u00e9 infrastruktury.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_1695-001-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?attachment_id=4997\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4997\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3203-001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4997\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3203-001.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3203-001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3203-001-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3203-001-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3203-001-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3203-001-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?attachment_id=4998\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4998\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3204-001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4998\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3204-001.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3204-001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3204-001-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3204-001-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3204-001-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/IMG_3204-001-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>O transform\u00e1torech podrobn\u011bji<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UchitHGF4n8\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transform\u00e1tor je elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu pomoc\u00ed elektromagnetick\u00e9 indukce. Funguje na principu p\u0159enosu energie mezi dv\u011bma navz\u00e1jem izolovan\u00fdmi c\u00edvkami, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4988,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[31,3,4,17,71],"class_list":["post-4369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektromagneticka-indukce","tag-elektricky-obvod","tag-elektrina","tag-magnetismus","tag-video","tag-vysvetleni","post_format-post-format-video"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4369"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6313,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4369\/revisions\/6313"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4988"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}