{"id":4018,"date":"2024-09-05T11:50:38","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T09:50:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=4018"},"modified":"2025-04-10T07:32:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T05:32:51","slug":"pascaluv-zakon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=4018","title":{"rendered":"Pascal\u016fv z\u00e1kon"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

TLAK VYVOLAN\u00dd VN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd SILOU P\u016eSOB\u00cdC\u00cd NA POVRCH KAPALINY V UZAV\u0158EN\u00c9 N\u00c1DOB\u011a JE VE V\u0160ECH M\u00cdSTECH TEKUTINY STEJN\u00dd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jin\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed:<\/p>\n

P\u016eSOB\u00cd-LI NA KAPALINU V UZAV\u0158EN\u00c9 N\u00c1DOB\u011a VN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd TLAKOV\u00c1 S\u00cdLA, ZM\u011aN\u00cd SE TLAK VE V\u0160ECH M\u00cdSTECH KAPALINY STEJN\u011a.<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n

Pascal\u016fv z\u00e1kon – fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed princip s p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdmi aplikacemi<\/h2>\n

Kdy\u017e si d\u00e1te br\u010dko do sklenice a fouk\u00e1te, tlak se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed po cel\u00e9 sklenici – proto kapalina vyst\u0159ikuje!<\/p>\n

– Tlak v uzav\u0159en\u00e9 kapalin\u011b se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed stejnom\u011brn\u011b v\u0161emi sm\u011bry
\n– Mal\u00fd tlak na jednom m\u00edst\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00ed mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed s\u00edlu na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b
\n– Objev v roce 1653<\/p>\n

Kde je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n?<\/h3>\n

– Hydraulick\u00e9 zved\u00e1ky
\n– Brzdy v autech
\n– Lisy a hydraulick\u00e9 stroje
\n– Zuba\u0159sk\u00e1 k\u0159esel<\/p>\n

[Dal\u0161\u00ed informace o panu Pascalovi<\/a>]
\n[Interaktivn\u00ed model hydraulick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a>]<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti o Pascalov\u011b z\u00e1konu<\/h2>\n

Pascal vytvo\u0159il prvn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd lis v roce 1646, prakticky demonstruj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u016fj z\u00e1kon o \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tlaku v kapalin\u00e1ch. K objevu z\u00e1kona ho inspirovalo pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed sud\u016f s v\u00ednem – v\u0161iml si, \u017ee mal\u00e1 s\u00edla na z\u00e1tku m\u016f\u017ee roztrhnout cel\u00fd sud. Z\u00e1kon publikoval a\u017e po jeho smrti jeho ze\u0165 v roce 1663, p\u016fvodn\u011b ho Pascal popsal ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle „Trait\u00e9 de l’\u00e9quilibre des liqueurs“.<\/p>\n

Vyn\u00e1lez injek\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dky<\/h2>\n

Pascal vynalezl injek\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159\u00edka\u010dku na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch poznatk\u016f o tlaku kapalin. P\u0159i pokusech s tlakem pou\u017e\u00edval r\u016fzn\u00e9 kapaliny v\u010detn\u011b oleje, vody a rtuti – objevil \u017ee typ kapaliny nem\u00e1 vliv na p\u0159enos tlaku. Proto v Pascalov\u011b z\u00e1kon\u011b nikde nevystupuje hustota, nebo jin\u00e1 vlastnost kapaliny.<\/p>\n

Matematick\u00fd z\u00e1pis Pascalova z\u00e1kona<\/h2>\n

  <\/span>   <\/span>\"\[<\/p>\n

  <\/span>   <\/span>\"\[<\/p>\n

Rovnost p1<\/sub> a p2<\/sub> \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je tlak stejn\u00fd v r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\n

F1<\/sub> – s\u00edla, kterou p\u016fsob\u00edme na plochu S1<\/sub>
\nF2<\/sub> – s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 se projev\u00ed na plo\u0161e S2<\/sub><\/p>\n

[Online po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TLAK VYVOLAN\u00dd VN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd SILOU P\u016eSOB\u00cdC\u00cd NA POVRCH KAPALINY V UZAV\u0158EN\u00c9 N\u00c1DOB\u011a JE VE V\u0160ECH M\u00cdSTECH TEKUTINY STEJN\u00dd. Jin\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed: P\u016eSOB\u00cd-LI NA KAPALINU V UZAV\u0158EN\u00c9 N\u00c1DOB\u011a …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2634,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[72],"class_list":["post-4018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tlak","tag-zakony"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4018"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4018\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}