{"id":3896,"date":"2024-12-10T10:40:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-10T09:40:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=3896"},"modified":"2025-04-09T11:50:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T09:50:51","slug":"jak-funguje-elektromotor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=3896","title":{"rendered":"St\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC) je jako \u0159eka, kter\u00e1 te\u010de jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem<\/strong> \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad z baterie do \u017e\u00e1rovky. Tento proud m\u00e1 v\u017edy stejn\u00fd sm\u011br a \u201eneot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed se\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>St\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud (AC) je naopak jako vlny v mo\u0159i, kter\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed tam a zp\u011bt<\/strong>. Tento proud m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj sm\u011br po\u0159\u00e1d dokola \u2013 jednou te\u010de jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem a pak opa\u010dn\u00fdm. St\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud je ten, kter\u00fd m\u00e1me v z\u00e1suvk\u00e1ch doma, proto\u017ee se d\u00e1 snadno p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a pou\u017e\u00edt na hodn\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A co nap\u011bt\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Elektrick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje 2 r\u016fzn\u011b nabit\u00e1 m\u00edsta. <strong>Stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jsou tato 2 m\u00edsta stabiln\u00ed. Jako t\u0159eba za\u010d\u00e1tek a konec cesty. <strong>St\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit tak, \u017ee si kladn\u00fd a z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u00f3l vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed m\u00edsta. Ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed se, nebo t\u0159eba kmitaj\u00ed jako houpa\u010dka. <\/p>\n<h2>V\u00e1lka proud\u016f na konci 19. stolet\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Prob\u011bhla mezi dv\u011bma slavn\u00fdmi vyn\u00e1lezci \u2013 Nikola Teslou a Thomasem Edisonem. Edison prosazoval stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC), zat\u00edmco Tesla podporoval st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud (AC), kter\u00fd byl \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro p\u0159enos elekt\u0159iny na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Edison se sna\u017eil dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, a podnikal r\u016fzn\u00e9 pokusy, aby to lidem uk\u00e1zal. Nakonec v\u0161ak vyhr\u00e1l Tesl\u016fv st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud, proto\u017ee byl prakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dnes ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude, nap\u0159\u00edklad v na\u0161ich dom\u00e1cnostech.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/508f05a8-8a77-4849-a621-3df23801e9bc.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4919\" style=\"width: 100%;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/508f05a8-8a77-4849-a621-3df23801e9bc.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/508f05a8-8a77-4849-a621-3df23801e9bc-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/508f05a8-8a77-4849-a621-3df23801e9bc-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/508f05a8-8a77-4849-a621-3df23801e9bc-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/508f05a8-8a77-4849-a621-3df23801e9bc-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>St\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd vs stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proudu<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VnfbilSHHZ0?si=GnLolOooz0YeWIMi\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Elektromagnetick\u00e1 indukce a vznik st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho proudu<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d73e3QiMdSU?si=_V1NNRu3gIOS-gUD\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Jak funguje elektromotor?<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LAtPHANEfQo\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Jak rychle putuje elekt\u0159ina v obvodu?<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"width: 100%;\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bHIhgxav9LY?si=jYjt19EsqK1TDgcs\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC) je jako \u0159eka, kter\u00e1 te\u010de jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad z baterie do \u017e\u00e1rovky. Tento proud m\u00e1 v\u017edy stejn\u00fd sm\u011br a \u201eneot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed se\u201c. &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4916,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,62],"tags":[31,3,17],"class_list":["post-3896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektrina-a-magnetismus","category-elektromagnetismus","tag-elektricky-obvod","tag-elektrina","tag-video"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3896\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}