{"id":3633,"date":"2018-01-11T13:24:59","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T11:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=3633"},"modified":"2018-03-07T10:52:38","modified_gmt":"2018-03-07T08:52:38","slug":"polovodice-diody-tranzistory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=3633","title":{"rendered":"Polovodi\u010de"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Polovodi\u010de jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 vedou elektrick\u00fd proud za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rozhodn\u011b tedy neplat\u00ed, \u017ee vedou nap\u016fl, jak si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed z n\u00e1zvu. <\/p>\n<p>I p\u0159es rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 a pravideln\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed elektron\u016f v m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece doch\u00e1z\u00ed d\u00edky tepeln\u00e9mu pohybu k tomu, \u017ee elektron m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vytr\u017een ze sv\u00e9 st\u00e1l\u00e9 vazby. Vznikl\u00e9 voln\u00e9 m\u00edsto naz\u00fdv\u00e1me <strong>d\u00edra<\/strong>. Ta naopak p\u0159itahuje jin\u00fd elektron. Vznik\u00e1 tak prostor pro pohyb n\u00e1boje. V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak tento pohyb velmi mal\u00fd ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s po\u010dtem atom\u016f. Uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 hodnota je 1 voln\u00fd p\u00e1r elektron &#8211; d\u00edra na 10<sup>12<\/sup> atom\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed mo\u017enosti vytvo\u0159it prostor pro pohyb elektron\u016f se do prvku dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011bsi (ne\u010distoty) ve form\u011b jin\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. D\u00edky odli\u0161n\u00e9 kombinaci po\u010dtu proton\u016f a elektron\u016f se sni\u017euje pom\u011br ve prosp\u011bch voln\u00fdch elektron\u016f \/ d\u011br. <\/p>\n<p>Podle toho, zda p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed elektrony a nebo d\u00edry jsou polovodi\u010de ozna\u010deny jako <strong>typ P<\/strong> (pozitivn\u00ed) nebo <strong>typ N<\/strong> (negativn\u00ed). <\/p>\n<p>Polovodi\u010d\u016f je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. Mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed diamant, k\u0159em\u00edk (na obr\u00e1zku), germanium <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_semiconductor_materials\">a dal\u0161\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/P138KQn-SQ4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Polovodi\u010de jsou l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 vedou elektrick\u00fd proud za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Rozhodn\u011b tedy neplat\u00ed, \u017ee vedou nap\u016fl, jak si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed z n\u00e1zvu. I p\u0159es &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3635,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,74],"tags":[31,71],"class_list":["post-3633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-9-rocnik-2","category-polovodice","tag-elektricky-obvod","tag-vysvetleni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3633\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}