{"id":3619,"date":"2017-11-27T11:28:28","date_gmt":"2017-11-27T09:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=3619"},"modified":"2025-04-09T11:53:33","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T09:53:33","slug":"spektrum-elektromagnetickeho-zareni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=3619","title":{"rendered":"Spektrum elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spektrum elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je n\u011bco jako \u201ebarevn\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la\u201c r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f sv\u011btla a z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s obklopuj\u00ed. Zn\u00ed to mo\u017en\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011b, ale p\u0159edstav si to takto: Elektromagnetick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je forma energie, kter\u00e1 se pohybuje vln\u011bn\u00edm \u2013 jako vlny na vod\u011b, ale mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed. Tyto vlny mohou m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00e9 velikosti, kter\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1me vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 vlastnosti a vyu\u017eit\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 vid\u00edme, n\u011bkter\u00e9 c\u00edt\u00edme, a n\u011bkter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje, abychom je zjistili. Elektromagnetick\u00e9 spektrum n\u00e1m tedy pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit sv\u011bt kolem n\u00e1s, i to, co norm\u00e1ln\u011b nevid\u00edme.<\/p>\n

\"EM<\/a><\/p>\n

Image source: https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File%3AEM_Spectrum_Properties_edit.svg<\/small><\/p>\n

Spektrum elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuje v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, od t\u011bch nejkrat\u0161\u00edch po nejdel\u0161\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eeme si ho rozd\u011blit na r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u201edruhy\u201c:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. R\u00e1dio<\/strong> \u2013 Nejdel\u0161\u00ed vlny. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me je nap\u0159\u00edklad v r\u00e1di\u00edch a mobiln\u00edch telefonech.<\/li>\n
  2. Mikrovlny<\/strong> \u2013 O n\u011bco krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e r\u00e1dio. Mikrovlnky doma je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00eddla.<\/li>\n
  3. Infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 Je\u0161t\u011b krat\u0161\u00ed. Toto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed c\u00edt\u00edme jako teplo, t\u0159eba kdy\u017e na n\u00e1s sv\u00edt\u00ed slunce.<\/li>\n
  4. Viditeln\u00e9 sv\u011btlo<\/strong> \u2013 Toto je \u010d\u00e1st spektra, kterou vid\u00edme o\u010dima. Obsahuje v\u0161echny barvy duhy \u2013 \u010dervenou, oran\u017eovou, \u017elutou, zelenou, modrou, fialovou.<\/li>\n
  5. Ultrafialov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (UV)<\/strong> \u2013 Toto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed od slunce zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se op\u00e1l\u00edme, ale tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit k\u016f\u017ei.<\/li>\n
  6. Rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 Velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vlny, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v nemocnic\u00edch k rentgenov\u00e1n\u00ed kost\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  7. Gama z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 Nejkrat\u0161\u00ed a nejenergeti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlny. Vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i jadern\u00fdch reakc\u00edch a v kosmu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Vztah pro v\u00fdpo\u010det vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky:<\/h2>\n

      <\/span>   <\/span>\"\[<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Spektrum elektromagnetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je n\u011bco jako \u201ebarevn\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la\u201c r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f sv\u011btla a z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s obklopuj\u00ed. Zn\u00ed to mo\u017en\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011b, ale p\u0159edstav si to takto: …. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[45,16],"class_list":["post-3619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-atomy-a-zareni","tag-infografika","tag-model"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3619\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}