{"id":2329,"date":"2025-09-09T11:32:41","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T09:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=2329"},"modified":"2025-09-11T08:02:23","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T06:02:23","slug":"premeny-energie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=2329","title":{"rendered":"ENERGIE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"\/fyzika\/?p=5346\">Albert Einstein<\/a> uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee energie a hmota jsou vlastn\u011b to sam\u00e9. Vz\u00e1jemnou souvislost definoval vztahem:<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 32px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b366a31a4f696dd7be0cf312475b1dd6_l3.png\" height=\"32\" width=\"143\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91; &#69;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#109;&#46;&#99;&#94;&#123;&#50;&#125; &#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Tato rovnice popisuje, \u017ee energie (E) je rovna hmot\u011b (m) vyn\u00e1soben\u00e9 druhou mocninou rychlosti sv\u011btla (c). Toto odhalen\u00ed vedlo k pochopen\u00ed, \u017ee energie a hmota jsou dv\u011b formy t\u00e9\u017ee substance.<\/p>\n<h2>Co je energie?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Energie je schopnost vykon\u00e1vat pr\u00e1ci nebo zp\u016fsobit zm\u011bnu. Existuje mnoho forem energie &#8211; tepeln\u00e1, sv\u011bteln\u00e1, elektrick\u00e1, jadern\u00e1, chemick\u00e1 a dal\u0161\u00ed. Energie nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zni\u010dena, pouze p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na z jedn\u00e9 formy na druhou (z\u00e1kon zachov\u00e1n\u00ed energie).<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2> Druhy energie<\/h2>\n<h3> Mechanick\u00e1 energie<\/h3>\n<h4> Kinetick\u00e1 (pohybov\u00e1) energie<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 71px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-edfb9387c8f13530b88dd719fd772578_l3.png\" height=\"71\" width=\"184\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91; &#69;&#95;&#107;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#109;&#46;&#118;&#94;&#123;&#50;&#125; &#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energie pohybu &#8211; energie p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklady: let\u00edc\u00ed m\u00ed\u010d, tekouc\u00ed voda, v\u00edtr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4> Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed (polohov\u00e1) energie<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 34px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e49be71704e81e3a36ca2f7ce870d743_l3.png\" height=\"34\" width=\"175\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91; &#69;&#95;&#112;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#109;&#46;&#103;&#46;&#104; &#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energie ulo\u017een\u00e1 v p\u0159edm\u011btu d\u00edky jeho poloze nebo stavu.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklady: nafoukl\u00fd bal\u00f3nek, napjat\u00e1 pru\u017eina, voda ve vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m vodn\u00edm d\u00edle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Elektrick\u00e1 energie<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Energie vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed pohybem elektron\u016f v elektrick\u00e9m proudu.<\/li>\n<li>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed: osv\u011btlen\u00ed, pohon elektrick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nab\u00edjen\u00ed bateri\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Chemick\u00e1 energie<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Energie ulo\u017een\u00e1 v chemick\u00fdch vazb\u00e1ch l\u00e1tek.<\/li>\n<li>Uvol\u0148uje se p\u0159i chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00edch, nap\u0159. ho\u0159en\u00ed, fotosynt\u00e9za.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edklady: benz\u00edn, baterie, potrava.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Jadern\u00e1 energie<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Energie uvol\u0148ovan\u00e1 p\u0159i jadern\u00fdch reakc\u00edch &#8211; \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed nebo slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jader atom\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed: jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, zbran\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>a dal\u0161\u00ed&#8230;<\/h3>\n<h2> Obnoviteln\u00e9 a neobnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li> Obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje: slune\u010dn\u00ed, v\u011btrn\u00e1, vodn\u00ed, geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed, biomasa.<\/li>\n<li> Neobnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje: fosiln\u00ed paliva (uhl\u00ed, ropa, zemn\u00ed plyn).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kon zachov\u00e1n\u00ed energie<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Energie nevznik\u00e1 ani nezanik\u00e1, pouze se p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1> Temn\u00e1 energie a temn\u00e1 hmota<\/h1>\n<p>V\u011bdci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee 68-73% vesm\u00edru tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 forma energie naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 temn\u00e1 energie. Dal\u0161\u00edch 24-28% tvo\u0159\u00ed neviditeln\u00e1 temn\u00e1 hmota, jej\u00ed\u017e povaha nen\u00ed zcela objasn\u011bna. Na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 viditeln\u00e9 hmoty (4-5%) nem\u00e1 temn\u00e1 energie ani temn\u00e1 hmota \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 interakce s elektromagnetick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm.<\/p>\n<h1>Energie &#8211; shrnut\u00ed<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/energie-infografika-full.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/energie-infografika.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"654\" height=\"2289\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1606\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Albert Einstein uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee energie a hmota jsou vlastn\u011b to sam\u00e9. Vz\u00e1jemnou souvislost definoval vztahem: &nbsp; &nbsp; Tato rovnice popisuje, \u017ee energie (E) je rovna &#8230;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-2329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prace-a-energie","tag-infografika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2329"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6046,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2329\/revisions\/6046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}