{"id":2091,"date":"2019-10-02T09:34:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-02T07:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=2091"},"modified":"2025-04-10T09:19:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T07:19:00","slug":"pocitani-atomu-v-molekulach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=2091","title":{"rendered":"Po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed atom\u016f v molekul\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

Molekuly maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vzorce<\/em>. V t\u011bch je \u0159e\u010deno jak\u00e9 atomy a kolik, tvo\u0159\u00ed 1 molekulu.<\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se na molekulu vody. Jej\u00ed vzorec je: H2<\/sub>O
\nZe vzorce se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee vodu tvo\u0159\u00ed 2 atomy vod\u00edku (H) a 1 atom kysl\u00edku (O). <\/p>\n

Jak zjist\u00edm po\u010det proton\u016f v jedn\u00e9 molekule?<\/h2>\n

To je snadn\u00e9. Jen je t\u0159eba se pod\u00edvat do tabulky prvk\u016f<\/a> a zjistit atomov\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Vod\u00edk (H) m\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslo 1. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 v j\u00e1dru 1 proton. Kysl\u00edk (O) m\u00e1 v j\u00e1dru 8 proton\u016f. <\/p>\n

Celkem: (2 . 1) + 8 = 10 proton\u016f<\/p>\n

Kolik atom\u016f \/ proton\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed molekuly?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/td>\nMOLEKULA<\/th>\natom\u016f<\/td>\nproton\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/td>\nC3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O<\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b<\/td>\nC10<\/sub>H8<\/sub><\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/td>\nN2<\/sub>H4<\/sub><\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d<\/td>\nC4<\/sub>H4<\/sub>O4<\/sub><\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
e<\/td>\nC2<\/sub>H2<\/sub><\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/td>\nC15<\/sub>H11<\/sub>I4<\/sub>NO4<\/sub><\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
g<\/td>\nAg2<\/sub>OH<\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
h<\/td>\nCu3<\/sub>S4<\/sub>O5<\/sub><\/th>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
g<\/td>\nH2<\/sub>O<\/th>\n3<\/u> (2+1) <\/td>\n10<\/u> (2.1) + 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Vymysli slou\u010deninu s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm slo\u017een\u00edm:<\/h2>\n

V p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b se mezi sebou prvky do molekul kombinuj\u00ed podle ur\u010dit\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f a vlastnost\u00ed. Nen\u00ed tedy pravda, \u017ee lze molekuly vytv\u00e1\u0159et zcela nahodile. My si zde ale v r\u00e1mci tr\u00e9ninku dovol\u00edme vym\u00fd\u0161let vlastn\u00ed molekuly bez ohledu na to, zda jsou z chemick\u00e9ho pohledu re\u00e1ln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/td>\nMOLEKULA<\/th>\natom\u016f<\/td>\nproton\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a<\/td>\n <\/th>\n5<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
b<\/td>\n <\/th>\n4<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
c<\/td>\n <\/th>\n3<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
d<\/td>\n <\/th>\n4<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
e<\/td>\n <\/th>\n5<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
f<\/td>\n <\/th>\n11<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
g<\/td>\nNd Co<\/th>\n2<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n