{"id":1089,"date":"2024-11-04T16:42:28","date_gmt":"2024-11-04T15:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=1089"},"modified":"2025-10-08T11:17:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T09:17:30","slug":"newtonovy-zakony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zsvltava.cz\/fyzika\/?p=1089","title":{"rendered":"Newtonovy z\u00e1kony"},"content":{"rendered":"

Isaac Newton<\/a> (4.1.1643 \u2013 31.3.1727) ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci Principia Mathematica (1687)<\/a> formuloval t\u0159i pohybov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony. Tyto z\u00e1kony byly revolu\u010dn\u00ed. Dok\u00e1zaly toti\u017e vysv\u011btlit p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a n\u00e1sledky pohybu a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u011bles.<\/p>\n

\n

Z\u00e1kon setrva\u010dnosti<\/h2>\n

T\u011bleso setrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v klidu<\/strong>, nebo v rovnom\u011brn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e9m pohybu<\/strong>, pokud nen\u00ed nuceno vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi silami<\/strong> tento stav zm\u011bnit.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon akce a reakce<\/h2>\n

T\u011blesa na sebe p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u017edy stejn\u011b velk\u00fdmi<\/strong> silami, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00fd sm\u011br<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon s\u00edly<\/h2>\n

Na p\u016fsoben\u00ed s\u00edly reaguje t\u011bleso zrychlen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edle<\/strong> a nep\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 hmotnosti<\/strong> t\u011blesa.\n<\/div>\n

Newtonovy z\u00e1kony v p\u0159\u00edkladech<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1kon setrva\u010dnosti<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Kdy\u017e jede\u0161 v autobuse a ten n\u00e1hle zabrzd\u00ed, tvoje t\u011blo se naklon\u00ed dop\u0159edu. Tvoje t\u011blo se sna\u017e\u00ed pokra\u010dovat v pohybu, i kdy\u017e autobus u\u017e zastavil.<\/li>\n
  • M\u00ed\u010dek polo\u017een\u00fd na stole se nepohne, dokud do n\u011bj nestr\u010d\u00ed\u0161. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v klidu, dokud na n\u011bj neza\u010dne p\u016fsobit s\u00edla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Z\u00e1kon akce a reakce<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Kdy\u017e sko\u010d\u00ed\u0161 z lo\u010fky do vody, lo\u010fka se pohne opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Tvoje nohy tla\u010d\u00ed lo\u010fku dozadu, a ta reaguje stejnou silou.<\/li>\n
    • Kdy\u017e napumpuje\u0161 bal\u00f3nek a pust\u00ed\u0161 ho bez zauzlen\u00ed, let\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, ne\u017e kudy unik\u00e1 vzduch. Vzduch unik\u00e1 dozadu \u2013 bal\u00f3nek let\u00ed dop\u0159edu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Z\u00e1kon s\u00edly<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Kdy\u017e kopne\u0161 do lehk\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de, odlet\u00ed daleko. Kdy\u017e kopne\u0161 stejn\u011b do t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9ho, sotva se pohne. Stejn\u00e1 s\u00edla p\u016fsob\u00ed, ale t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u010d m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed.<\/li>\n
      • Kdy\u017e t\u00e1hne\u0161 s\u00e1n\u011b s kamar\u00e1dem, jede to pomaleji ne\u017e pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 s\u00e1n\u011b. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hmotnost \u2192 men\u0161\u00ed zrychlen\u00ed p\u0159i stejn\u00e9 s\u00edle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Newtonovy z\u00e1kony – demonstrace na ISS<\/h2>\n